Search results for "genetics [Autophagy]"
showing 10 items of 3021 documents
Bioactivation of the Fungal Phytotoxin 2,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol by Glycolytic Enzymesisan Essential Component of itsMechanism of Action
2002
An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-ᴅ-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (I50 of 1.6 mᴍ), butit did nothave any in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6- bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 μᴍ on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 μᴍ. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to ζ amino fu…
Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution
2014
The Permian and Triassic were key time intervals in the history of life on Earth. Both periods are marked by a series of biotic crises including the most catastrophic of such events, the end-Permian mass extinction, which eventually led to a major turnover from typical Palaeozoic faunas and floras to those that are emblematic for the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Here we review patterns in Permian-Triassic bony fishes, a group whose evolutionary dynamics are understudied. Based on data from primary literature, we analyse changes in their taxonomic diversity and body size (as a proxy for trophic position) and explore their response to Permian-Triassic events. Diversity and body size are investigate…
Nitric oxide enhances Th9 cell differentiation and airway inflammation
2014
International audience; Th9 cells protect hosts against helminthic infection but also mediate allergic disease. Here we show that nitric oxide (NO) promotes Th9 cell polarization of murine and human CD4(+) T cells. NO de-represses the tumour suppressor gene p53 via nitrosylation of Mdm2. NO also increases p53-mediated IL-2 production, STAT5 phosphorylation and IRF4 expression, all essential for Th9 polarization. NO also increases the expression of TGFβR and IL-4R, pivotal to Th9 polarization. OVA-sensitized mice treated with an NO donor developed more severe airway inflammation. Transferred Th9 cells induced airway inflammation, which was exacerbated by NO and blocked by anti-IL-9 antibody.…
Validation of a set of reference genes to study response to herbicide stress in grasses
2012
Abstract Background Non-target-site based resistance to herbicides is a major threat to the chemical control of agronomically noxious weeds. This adaptive trait is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in plants that are resistant or sensitive to herbicides. Quantification of the expression of such genes requires normalising qPCR data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied as internal standards. The aim of this study was to validate reference genes in Alopecurus myosuroides, a grass (Poaceae) weed of economic and agronomic importance with no genomic resources. Results The stability of 11 candidate reference genes was assessed in plants res…
Protein Corona: Prevention of Dominant IgG Adsorption on Nanocarriers in IgG‐Enriched Blood Plasma by Clusterin Precoating (Adv. Sci. 10/2019)
2019
The development of nanocarriers for drug delivery is challenged by individual blood composition fluctuations. In article number 1802199, Svenja Morsbach and co‐workers report the accumulation of immunoglobulins in the protein corona of nanocarriers in IgG‐enriched blood plasma resulting in increased cell uptake. This could be prevented by pre‐coating the nanocarriers with the “stealth” protein clusterin. Cover design by Stefan Schuhmacher.
Neurovascular EGFL7 regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and thereby affects olfactory perception
2016
Adult neural stem cells reside in a specialized niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Throughout life they give rise to adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB), thus contributing to neural plasticity and pattern discrimination. Here, we show that the neurovascular protein EGFL7 is secreted by endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSCs) of the SVZ to shape the vascular stem-cell niche. Loss of EGFL7 causes an accumulation of activated NSCs, which display enhanced activity and re-entry into the cell cycle. EGFL7 pushes activated NSCs towards quiescence and neuronal progeny towards differentiation. This is achieved by promoting Dll4-induced Notch signalling at the blood vessel-stem …
Determination of enrichment factors for modified RNA in MeRIP experiments
2019
In the growing field of RNA modification, precipitation techniques using antibodies play an important role. However, little is known about their specificities and protocols are missing to assess their effectiveness. Here we present a method to assess enrichment factors after MeRIP-type pulldown experiments, here exemplified with a commercial antibody against N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Testing different pulldown and elution conditions, we measure enrichment factors of 4-5 using m6A-containing mRNAs against an unmodified control of identical sequence. Both types of mRNA carry 32P labels at different nucleotides, allowing their relative quantification in a mixture after digestion to nucleotides…
Rearrangement products of 3-methanesulfonyl-N-methyl-N-nitroaniline.
2003
Two isomeric products (C 8 H 10 N 2 O 4 S) of the rearrangement of 3-methanesulfonyl-N-methyl-N-nitroaniline have been investigated, viz. 3-methanesulfonyl-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline, which was the main product of the rearrangement, and 5-methanesulfonyl-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline. In both molecules, the aromatic rings are appreciably deformed towards ortho-quinonoidal geometry by electronic and steric interactions. The crystal structure is stabilized, in both cases, by weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds.
Local adaptation in populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis endemic to the Indian Ocean Rim
2021
24 páginas, 3 figuras, 1 tabla. The sequence data generated by this study has been deposited on SRA (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) under the accession number PRJNA670836. Extended data is available here: https://github.com/fmenardo/MTBC_L1_L3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609804 (Menardo, 2021).
Studying hypertension in ocular fundus images using Hausdorff dispersion ordering.
2010
Retinal arterial and vein diameters are altered in individuals at risk of cardiovascular events mainly due to high blood pressure. The measurement of retinal vessel diameters has been proved to reflect individuals' vascular health. Dispersion of such measures which are obtained by means of ocular fundus images is a major factor not usually considered in clinical research. In this paper, a method to evaluate if different levels of clinically relevant covariables induce greater dispersion in retinal arterial and vein diameters is proposed. A multivariate dispersion ordering, the Hausdorff dispersion order, is used to compare the level of dispersion in such diameters for different groups of pa…